Closed-Loop Target-Controlled Infusion Systems: Stability and Performance Aspects

Migrating from target-controlled infusion to closed-loop control in general anaesthesia

The target-controlled infusion (TCI) technique has been successfully and commercially used in clinical general anaesthesia with the intravenous anaesthetic agent propofol. The technique is based on a population pharmacokinetic model and is an open-loop control system. Closed-loop control requires a reliable and consistent signal for feedback utilisation. With all anaesthetic agents the somatose...

Infusion of vecuronium controlled by a closed-loop system.

Closed-loop control of neuromuscular blockade, using a semi-continuous infusion of vecuronium, is described. In 28 patients, the average neuromuscular transmission was between 13 and 17% of control. Requirements for vecuronium averaged 1.1 micrograms kg-1 min-1 (0.8-1.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), being in the same range as for repeated bolus injections. No side effects were observed. After the inf...

Target Controlled Infusion (TCI)

Adaptive Systems with Closed-loop Reference Models: Stability, Robustness and Transient Performance

This paper explores the properties of adaptive systems with closed–loop reference models. Using additional design freedom available in closed–loop reference models, we design new adaptive controllers that are (a) stable, and (b) have improved transient properties. Numerical studies that complement theoretical derivations are also reported.

Closed- and Open-loop Deep Brain Stimulation: Methods, Challenges, Current and Future Aspects

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is known as the most effective technique in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson disease (PD) and epilepsy. Relative healing and effective control of disease symptoms are the most significant reasons for the tangible tendency in use and development of this technology. Nevertheless, more cellular and molecular investigations are required ...